Ricochets in Live-Fire Facilities: Key Risks and Safety Criteria for Ballistic Range Infrastructure
Modern live-fire training facilities are increasingly designed to support dynamic CQB/MOUT scenarios—rapid transitions between rooms; room-clearing and hostage-rescue drills; training that includes firing through window openings; movement on stairwells; and repeated iterations at a high operational tempo—while maintaining predictable safety margins. This paper is intended primarily for institutional (B2G) stakeholders responsible for developing concepts (RFI) and for the construction or modernisation of live-fire training infrastructure where investment decisions are driven by safety requirements, regulatory compliance and risk control across the facility’s entire service life.